This page describes how to use the Paragraph, Post-Heading Paragraph and Paragraph Continued styles. Paragraph Continued is used when another document "object" is encountered, such as an equation, that should be included in the same paragraph in the XML, followed by the rest of the paragraph.

Paragraph, Post-Heading Paragraph

By default in eXtyles NLM, the Post-Heading Paragraph style is visually identical to the standard Paragraph style, and it generates the same XML. However, it is possible to modify this so that the Post-Heading Paragraph style is visually distinct if required.

Example

The following example demonstrates the use of the Paragraph and Post-Heading Paragraph paragraph styles. This illustration is an excerpt from the sample document: Sample 1_Math-in-Word.docx

JATS XML Example

<title>Converting poorly typed math</title>
<p>When converting keyboarded inline math to XML, typically some manual cleanup is required to overcome authors who are either lazy or creative typers. Consider the character &#x00B1; (plus-minus, U+00B1). It is all too often entered as an underlined plus symbol, <underline>+</underline>. Once, we saw a paper written by a scientist who knew a minus sign was different from a hyphen but could not figure out how to insert the symbol, so he typed an underscore character and applied superscript formatting!</p>
<p>Improperly typed math may look similar to its semantically correct counterpart, but the difference between plus-minus and an underlined plus is important when the characters are published in XML. When the XML is then converted to text by text-to-speech or text-to-braille accessibility devices, the resulting equation is described inaccurately or nonsensically.</p>

Paragraph Continued

The Paragraph Continued style is used when a text paragraph is interrupted by another document element that has a distinct structure in the XML, such as an equation, and then the paragraph continues after the object. This means that the other structure is wrapped inside the <p>...</p> structure in the XML.

Example

The following example demonstrates the use of the Paragraph Continued paragraph style. More detail about the handling of the Equation and Preformat styles is given elsewhere. This illustration is an excerpt from the sample document: Sample 1_Math-in-Word.docx

JATS XML Example

<title>Converting text equations to XML</title>
<p>Text equations can be transformed from Word DOCX format to JATS XML. These keyboarded equations can be treated as plain text; for example, the expression
<disp-formula id="e"><italic>x</italic> &#x2208; [10,350]</disp-formula>
can be simply transformed to
<preformat>&lt;italic&gt;x&lt;/italic&gt; &amp;#x2208; [10,350]</preformat>
in JATS. Both &lt;disp-formula&gt; and &lt;inline-formula&gt; allow Unicode text and font face changes, so this could also appear as
<preformat>&lt;inline-formula&gt;&lt;italic&gt;x&lt;/italic&gt; &amp;#x2208; [10,350]&lt;/inline-formula&gt;</preformat>
or, correspondingly,
<preformat>&lt;disp-formula&gt;&lt;italic&gt;x&lt;/italic&gt; &amp;#x2208; [10,350]&lt;/disp-formula&gt;</preformat>
if it is a display formula. Text conversions such as these can be done by extracting the document.xml fragment of a DOCX file and then applying an XSLT transformation to create JATS XML.</p>

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